假设完全竞争市场的需求函数和供给函数分别为QD=1000-40P和QS=800+60P。求:(1)市场均衡价格和均衡产量;(2)厂商的需求函数是什么?
第2题
1983年里根执政时,推行"实物支付计划"。以小麦市场为例,考察该计划如何奏效。
(1)假设需求函数为QD=28-2P,供给函数为QS=4+4P。P是小麦的价格,单位为美元/蒲式耳,Q是产量,单位为10亿蒲式耳,试求出自由市场均衡价格和产量。
(2)假设政府向农民支付小麦,鼓励农民将部分土地退耕,使供给减少自由市场均衡量产量的25%。用于支付的小麦来源于政府储备,数量等于退耕土地的收获量。农民可在市场上自由出售这些小麦。问农民的产量为多少?政府间接供应市场多少小麦?新的市场价格是多少?农民获益多少?消费者得益还是受损?
(3)如果政府不把小麦返送给农民,小麦将积压或变质。纳税人从该计划中受益吗?该计划存在什么潜在问题?
In 1983, the Reagan Administration introduced a new agricultural program called the Payment-in-Kind Program. To see how the program worked, let' s consider the wheat market.
a. Suppose the demand function is QD=28-2P and the supply function is QS=4+4P, where P is the price of wheat in dollars per bushel and Q is the quantity in billions of bushels. Find the free-market equilibrium price and quantity.
b. Now suppose the government wants to lower the supply of wheat by 25 percent from the free-market equilibrium by paying farmers to withdraw land from production. However, the payment is made in wheat rather than in dollars- hence the name of the program. The wheal comes from the government ' s vast reserves that resulted from previous price support programs. The amount of wheal paid is equal to the amount that could have been harvested on the land withdrawn from production. Farmers. are free to sell this wheat on the market. How much is now produced by farmers? How much is indirectly supplied to the market by the government? What is the new market price? How much do the farmers gain? Do consumers gain or lose?
c. Had the government not given the wheat back to the farmers, it would have stored or destroyed i. Do taxpayers gain from the program? What potential problems does the program create?
第3题
A.在完全竞争的市场中,在成本不变的条件下,行业长期供给曲线是一条水平线
B.在完全竞争的市场中,在成本递增的条件下,行业长期供给曲线向右上方倾斜
C.在完全竞争的市场中,在成本递减的条件下,行业长期供给曲线向右下方倾斜
D.垄断市场的长期供给曲线和完全竞争市场相同
E.垄断竞争市场的长期供给曲线和完全竞争市场相同
第4题
已知某一时期内某商品的需求函数为Qd=50-5P,供给函数为Qs=-10+5P。
(1)求均衡价格Pe和均衡数量Qe并作出几何图形。
(2)假定供给函数不变,由于消费者收入水平提高,使需求函数变为Qd=60-5P。求出相应的均衡价格Pe和均衡数量Qe,并作出几何图形。
(3)假定需求函数不变,由于生产技术水平提高,使供给函数变为Qs=-5+5P。求出相应的均衡价格Pe和均衡数量Qe,并作出几何图形。
(4)利用(1)、(2)和(3),说明静态分析和比较静态分析的联系和区别。
(5)利用(1)、(2)和(3),说明需求变动和供给变动对均衡价格和均衡数量的影响。
第5题
A.可贷资金的需求主要由投资需求,赤字需求和家庭需求三个要素构成
B.可贷资金的供给由家庭储蓄,企业储蓄和政府储蓄三个要素构成
C.利率不是由可贷资金的供求决定的
D.可贷资金的需求函数是利率的递增函数
E.可贷资金的供给函数是利率的递增函数
第8题
A.等于20
B.小于20
C.大于20
D.小于或等于20
第10题
设某经济只有a、b两个市场。a市场的需求和供给函数为Qda=13-2Pa+Pb、
Qsb=-4+2Pa,b市场的需求和供给函数为Qdb=20+Pa-Pb、Qsb=-5+4Pb。试确定:
(1)当Pb=1时,a市场的局部均衡;
(2)当Pa=1时,b市场的局部均衡;
(3)(Pa=1,Pb=1)是否代表一般均衡?
(4)(Pa=5,Pb=3)是否是一般均衡价格?
(5)一般均衡价格和一般均衡产量为多少?