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The physicians in a hospital form. the core of the medical staff.But they couldn't p

rovide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees.From the viewpoint of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important.Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital.

A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor.However, each must be equally dedicated.Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern.Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night.

Under the supervision of the head nurse, the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients' needs.This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts.A shift is a period of duty, usually eight in length.The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts.All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses' station.

A nurse must always be alert.She can never afford to be careless.This is true in all nursing situation, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit.Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times.The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital.

Serving as a nurse can be a very rewarding job.But it is not an easy one.Not every person is suited to become a nurse.Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession.

1.The nursing staff().

A.are central to the medical staff

B.play an important role in caring for patients

C.can work effectively without physicians

D.are always in close contact with the patients

2.Why don't nurses study for as many years as doctors?

A.Most nurses work long days.

B.They don't treat patients for illness and injure.

C.Caring for sick patients requires patience and concern.

D.They are not dedicated.

3.Why must nurses work in shifts?

A.They are careless.

B.Nursing services must be provided continuously.

C.They work at night from time to time.

D.A shift is usually eight hours long.

4.What kind of person is suited to become a nurse?

A.A very careful person.B.An able person.

C.A very dedicated person.D.A specially trained person.

5.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author?

A.Nurses are specially trained to offer bedside care to sick persons.

B.Patients cannot do without nurses.

C.Nurses cannot practice medicine.

D.Nurses often work during the night.

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更多“The physicians in a hospital form. the core of the medical staff.But they couldn't p”相关的问题

第1题

If you’ve ever started a sentence with, “If I were you...” or found yourself scratching yo
ur head at a colleague’s agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is “decision fatigue,” a psychological phenomenon that on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.

Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.

But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It’s as if there’s something fun and liberating about making someone else’s choice.”

Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. “When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状), he says. But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”

In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”

Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.

What does the author say about people making decisions?

A.They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.

B.They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.

C.They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.

D.They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.

What does the example about the physicians illustrate?

A.Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.

B.Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’health.

C.Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.

D.Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.

When do people feel less decision fatigue?

A.When they take decision shortcuts.

B.When they help others to make decisions.

C.When they have major decisions to make.

D.When they have advisers to turn to.

What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?

A.They turn to physicians for advice.

B.They tend to make risky decisions.

C.They adopt a totally new perspective.

D.They refrain from trying anything new.

What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?

A.It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.

B.It is likely to entail serious consequences.

C.It will enable people to be more creative.

D.It will more often than not end in regret.

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第2题

How to Find Time to ReadDo you want to know how to improve yourself all the time without h

How to Find Time to Read

Do you want to know how to improve yourself all the time without having to spend more time reading because you get involved in work everyday? Does it sound too good to be true? Well, read on, please.

An Average Reader

If you are an average reader you can read an average book at the rate of 300 words a minute. You cannot maintain that average, however, unless you read regularly every day. Nor can you reach that speed with hard books in science, mathematics, agriculture, business, or any subject that is new or unfamiliar to you. The chances are that you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race through some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger. But for most of the novels, biographies, and books about travel, hobbies or personal interests, if you are an average reader you should have no trouble at all in absorbing meaning and pleasure out of 300 printed words every 60 seconds.

Statistics are not always practical, but consider the following: If the average reader can read 300 words a minute of average reading, then in 15 minutes he can read 4 500 words. Multiplied by 7, the days of the week, the product is 315 000. Another multiplication by 12, the months of the year, results in a grand total of 1 512 000 words. That is the total number of words of average reading an average reader can do in just 15 minutes a day for one year.

Books vary in length from 60 000 to 1 000 000 words. The average is about 75 000 words. In one year of average reading by an average reader for 15 minutes a day, 20 books will be read. That's a lot of books. It is 4 times the number of books read by public-library borrowers in America. And yet it is easily possible.

Sir William Osier

One of the greatest of all modern physicians was Sir William Osier. He taught at the Johns Hopkins Medical School He finished his teaching days at McGill University. Many of the out-standing physicians today were his students. Nearly all of the practicing doctors of today were brought up on his medical textbooks. Among his many remarkable contributions to medicine are his unpublished notes on how the people die.

His greatness is attributed by his biographers and critics not alone to his profound medical knowledge and insight but to his broad general education, for he was a very cultured man. He was very interested in what men have done and taught throughout the ages. And he knew that the only way to find out what the best experiences of the race had been was to read what people had written. But Osler's problem was the same as everyone else's, only more so. He was a busy physician, a teacher of physicians, and a medical-research specialist. There was no time in a 4-hour day that did not rightly belong to one of these three occupations, except the few hours for sleep, meals, and bodily functions.

Osler arrived at his solution early. He would read the last 15 minutes before he want to sleep. If bedtime was set for 11:00 Pm, he read from 11:00 to 11:15. If research kept him up to 2:00 AM, he read from 2:00 to 2:15. Over a very long time, Osler never broke the role once he had established it. We have evidence that after a while he simply could not fall asleep until he had done his 15 minutes of reading.

In his lifetime, Osler read a significant library of books. Just do a mental calculation for halfa century of 15-minute reading periods daily and see how many books you get. Consider what a range of interests and variety of subjects are possible in one lifetime. Osler read widely outside of medical specialty. Indeed, he developed from this 15-minute reading habit a vocational specialty to balance his vocational specialization. Among scholars in English literature, Osler is known as an authority on Sir Thomas Browne, seventeenth century English prose master, and Osler's library on Sir Thomas is considered one of t

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第3题

根据以下资料,回答下列各题: Years ago,Charlie,a highly respected orthopedist and a mento
r of mine,found a lump in his stomach.He had a surgeon explore the area,and the diagnosis was pancreatic cancer. He went home the next day,closed his practice,and never set foot in a hospital again.He focused on spending time with family and feeling as good as possible.Several months later,he died at home.He got no chemotherapy,radiation,or surgical treatment.Medicare didn’tspend much on him. It’s not a frequent topic of discussion,but doctors die,t00.And they don’t die like the rest of us.What’s unusual about them is not how much treatment they get compared to most Americans,but how little.Of course,doctors don’t want to die;they want to live.But they know enough about modern medicine to know its limits.Almost all medical professionals have seen what we call“futile care”being performed on people.That’s when doctors bring the cutting edge of technology to bear on a grievously ill person near the end of life.The patient will get cut open,perforated with tubes,hooked up to machines,and assaulted with drugs.I cannot count the number of times fellow physicians have told me,in words that vary only slightly.“Promise me if you find me like this that you’ll kill me.” How has it come to this—that doctors administer so much care that they wouldn’t want for themselves?The simple,or not—s0—simple,answer is this:patients,doctors,and the system. To see how patients play a role,imagine a scenario in which someone has lost consciousness and been admitted to an emergency room,and shocked and scared family members find themselves caught up in a maze of choices.When doctors ask if they want“everything”done.they answer yes.Then the nightmare begins.Feeding into the problemare unrealistic expectations of what doctors can accomplish.For example,many people think of CPR as a reliable lifesaver when,in fact,the results are usually poor. But of course it’s not just patients making these things happen.Doctors play an enabling role,too.The trouble is that even doctors who hate to administer futile care must find a way to address the wishes of patients and families.Imagine,once again,the emergency room with those grieving family members.They do not know the doctor.Establishing trust and confidence under such circumstances is a very delicate thing.People are prepared to think the doctor is acting out of base motives,trying to save time,or money,or effort,especially if the doctor is advising against further treatment. It's easy to find fault with both doctors and patients in such stories,but in many ways all the parties are simply victims of a larger system that encourages excessive treatment.In some unfortunate cases,doctors use the fee.for-service model to do everything they can,no matter how pointless.to make money.More commonly,though,doctors are fearful of litigation and do whatever they’re asked to avoid geeing in trouble. The real problem the author is concerned about in this article is________.

A.the overtreatment for dying patients

B.the different attitude of doctor and patients toward death

C.the disproportionately high medicare expenditure in America

D.the unequal and non.transparent doctor—patient relationship

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第4题

Passage Two “One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was

Passage Two

“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,”says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

In her study, participants were randomly (随机地)assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁)patches before they quit, in addition to a second form. of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they&39;d rather cut down gradually before quitting.“If you&39;re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think,‘ Well, if I gradually reduce, it&39;s like practice,&39;”says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn&39;t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾)and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you&39;re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,”says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that&39;s compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,”Ferreira says.

People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

A.She quit smoking with her daughter’s help

B.She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly

C.She was also a researcher of tobacco and health

D.She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers

How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?A.It is idealized

B.It is unexpected

C.It is encouraging

D.It is misleading

What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?A.They find it even more difficult

B.They are simply unable to make it

C.They show fewer withdrawal symptoms

D.They feel much less pain in the process

What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?A.They were given physical training

B.They were looked after by physicians

C.They were encouraged by psychologists

D.They were offered nicotine replacements

The idea of “a marathon”(Line 2, Para.5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smokingA.is something few can accomplish

B.needs some practice first

C.requires a lot of patience

D.is a challenge at the beginning

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