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Researchers have tried to identify the cause of SARS one way or ()there is, however, a long way to go.
A. other
B. another
C. the other
D. else
答案
更多“ Researchers have tried to identify the cause of SARS one way or ()there is, however, a”相关的问题
第1题
Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be ______.
A．predicted
B．regulated
C．traced
D．guided
第2题
The researchers have been working hard to
A.reduce the damage by earthquakes
B.explore the functions of bamboo
C.build bamboo houses for a billion people
D.design bamboo house models
第3题
In the first of two studies（1）in Heart， German researchers spent a decadestudying the（2）and intensity of weekly exercise in 1，000 people in their 60swith coronary artery heart disease （冠心病）， almost half of whom were（3）2-4times a week. Predictably， participants who（4）less than 2 times a week weredetermined to be at greater risk for a heart attack. However， counter-intuitively （直觉地 ） ， participants who exercised more than the average were also twice aslikely to have a heart attack or stroke than the average.
A different study found that young men who engage in endurance exercisemore than five hours a week may（5）their risk of developing an irregular heartrhythm later in life.
Swedish researchers surveyed 44，000 men， ages 45-79， about theirexercise（6）at ages of 15，30，50 and over in 2013. Those who exercised（7）formore than five hours a week were 19% more likely to have developed an irregularheartbeat， which is a（8）factor in stroke risk.
Despite their findings， researchers（9）sounding the alarm full-force onintense exercise， citing the "benefits of exercise" while clarifying that "thestudies reviewed here， and future studies， will serve to maximize benefits obtainedby（10）exercise while preventing undesirable effects of intense exercise."
A．active
B．avoided
C．behavior.
D．consequently
E．Density
F．Energetic
G．Engagement
H．Exercised
I．Frequency
J．Increase
K．Intensely
L．Key
M．Largely
N．Published
O．regular
第（1）题__________
查看材料
第4题
Data sharing: an open mind on open date
[ A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a&39;crisis&39; incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.
[B] the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to reseach.on the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.
[C] one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement&39;s benefits such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.
[D] some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an",badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.
[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the wellcome trust in london, alopen data from their grant recipients.
[F] but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head&39;s grant may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.
[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career." Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.
[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. ""with my institution and teaching load, i don&39;t have postdocs and grad students", says terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist at california state university,Dominguez hills. "the stakes are higher to share data because it&39;s a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.
[I] researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view.Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库 ), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.
[J] the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues many of whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. "i&39;ve heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, "says ram. "the concem seems to be that open advocates don&39;t spend their time being as productive as possible."
[ K]an open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don&39;t . " there a new area to navigate-&39;are you cool with the fact that i&39;ll want to make the data open？&39;-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, "she says.
[L] despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned.
Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.
[M] many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). " says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resot
Research secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "the two cases i&39;m familiar with didn&39;t involve open data or code, "he says.
[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others&39; data. he says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting out early-career scientists&39; requests for data.
[O] communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. "whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.
[p] in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success. "the thing you are searching for reputation" says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,."to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a larger
phere, outside the communities you know- is a net win."
36. astronomer david hogg doesn&39;t think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.
37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them
38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.
39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation
41. data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations
42. scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing
43. potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project
44. sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming
45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.
第5题
(41)
A．carefully
B．passively
C．attentively
D．permanently
第6题
The findings are based on a German study of almost 700 people who suffered heart attacks. The patients described their activities during the four days before their heart attack. Researchers found that those who had been in traffic were three times more likely to have a heart attack within one hour, compared to those who had not been in traffiC. Most of those in the study had been traveling by car. But some had been on bicycles and others were on buses.
Research shows that people in cars and buses are exposed to ten times the amount of pollutants as people walking on the street. That is largely because they breathe in the particles and gasses released from the vehicles in front of them.
Over time, these small particles speed the buildup of a sticky substance in the blooD. This can cause blockages(阻塞) to form. in the arteries(动脉) around the heart and lead to a heart attack.
Other studies have also linked heart trouble to stress, similar to the kind that people face while driving in heavy traffiC. But the researchers of the latest study say they do not know whether the increased heart attack risk was the result of stress or pollution. They suggest it may be a combination of stress, noise and pollution. Experts say the research shows the need fro cleaner vehicles and better city planning.
9.According to the study, which of the following ways is the safest in traffic？
A. Driving a car
B. Walking on the street
C. Taking a bus
D. Riding a bicycle
9.From among the 700 people who suffered heart attacks we learn that ______.
A. those who have been in traffic are three times as many as those who have not
B. those who have been in traffic for more than one hour are most likely to suffer heart attacks
C. the risk of a heart attack is three higher among those who have been in traffic than those who have not
D. Most of the subjects (实验对象) felt uncomfortable during the four days before the attack
9.The particles released from vehicles ______.
A. build up in the blood
B. become blockages in the arteries
C. make the blood more sticky
D. do harm to the heart
9.According to the studies, which of the following is NOT a likely cause of heart attack？
A. Stress
B. Noise
C. Air pollution
D. Traffic accident
9.What suggestion do experts make to lower the risk？
A. Reducing traffic as much as possible.
B. Living away from nose.
C. Planting more trees in the city.
D. Making vehicles clean.
第7题
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on Earth to help perform. surgery on patients in space.
The tiny, wheeled robots, （51）are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions(切口)and computer-controlled by surgeons in different locations. Some robots are equipped（52）cameras and lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that can be（53）remotely.
“We think this is going to （54）open surgery, ”Dr Dmitry Oleynikov said at a news conference. Oleynikov is a （55）in computer-assisted surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASA will teach（56）to use the robots soon enough so that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth, the surgeons could control the robots themselves（57）other locations. For example, the robots could enable surgeons in other places to （58）on injured soldiers on the front line. Researchers plan tp seek federal regulatory（59）early nest year. Tests on animals have been successful, and tests on humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide（60）of affected areas and the ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver(操控)inside the body in ways surgeons' hands can't. The views from the camera-carrying robots are （61）than the naked eye, because they（62）back color images that are magnified(放大). Because several robots can be inserted through one incision, they could reduce the amount and （63）of cuts needed for surgery, which would decrease recovery time. This is particularly（64）to those patients who have been debilitated(使虚弱)by long illness.
Eventually, Oleynikov said, the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever（65）their hands in patients' bodies. “That's the goal, ”Oleynikov said. “It's getting easier and easier. We can do even more with these devices. ”
A．since
B．when
C．which
D．as
第8题
Early experimental researchers compared the play of children who had seen aggressive behavior. on television with the play of a control group of children who had watched nonviolent programs.Concern was intensified by findings that indicated a higher level of aggressive play in the violent-television group.Other researchers attempted to determine whether violent programs simply stimulated higher energy levels in children or actually caused them to learn violent and antisocial behavior.The results of different studies conflicted.Some researchers claimed that televised violence actually had a positive cathartic effect, allowing some viewers to release heightening tensions; these findings, however, were not confirmed in further studies.Other scholars pointed out that both prosocial and antisocial behavior. can be learned from television.
Social scientists find it especially difficult to assess accurately the subtle, cumulative effects of viewing a broad variety of television programs throughout childhood.Distinguishing the possible effects of television from other influences at home and at school is also difficult.Current research suggests that moderately higher levels of anti-social behavior. can be traced to television viewing, but further study needs to be done to confirm it.
Because of the long-standing tradition in the U.S.of freedom of speech and of the press, the government would probably not attempt to directly limit or censor the appearance of violence of television.Among the networks and producers, pressure from concerned citizens continues to be balanced by the increasing popularity of high-energy action-adventure programs.
1.What is the passage mainly about？
A.Violence in television programs.
B.Levels of violence in action-adventure series and cartoons.
C.Educational programs for children.
D.Researches on television programs.
2.Those researchers who believe violence on TV has a positive effect on viewers think that （）.
A.it teaches people not to use violence to resolve conflicts
B.it stimulates higher energy levels in children
C.it helps let out people's undesirable emotions
D.it helps people to fight various social evils before them
3.A “prosocial” behavior. is one （）.
A.that is against the social norm
B.that meets the expectation of the society
C.that a child shows in communication with people
D.that can often be shaped by TV programs
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？
A.Television viewing leads naturally to antisocial behavior.
B.Violence on television does not help shape violent behavior. in children.
C.The effect of violent TV programs on children needs further study.
D.Both prosocial and antisocial behaviors can be learned from violent programs.
5.The last sentence of the passage implies （）.
A.the government will have to ban violence on TV under public pressure
B.violence in television programs will continue to appear in the future
C.producers and concerned citizens can work together to clean up TV programs
D.without violence, action-adventure programs would be more popular
第10题
Some researchers recently have studied the eyes of the common frogs and have discovered that a frog's eyes only find moving things such as insect-shaped objects and large, threatening objects. As a result of studying the eyes of frogs, scientists have constructed a simple electronic model of a frog's eyes which can track airplanes circling above an airport and then provide information to computer-run air traffic control systems. Someday such electronic eyes may provide the means to automatically guide automobiles by providing information about objects moving toward the automobile. Other scientists have studied the compound eyes of some insects and crabs and have built a seeing machine that is a simple model of the horseshoe crab eye.
The hearing of a number of creatures also has been studied extensively so that hearing machines can be developed. Bats have unusual hearing which can extend into the ultrasonic (超声的) range. The dolphin also has been studied extensively, and dolphins are able to navigate through water extremely effectively. Radar and sonar(声 纳) systems which are used to help ships and planes navigate have been based on the sonar systems of both bats and dolphins.
Which of the following could be the best title？
A．Electronic Eyes
B．The Science of Bionics
C．Sonar Systems
D．The Hearing of Some Creatures
